Within it is the Jordan River, the Sea of Galilee, the Dead Sea and the desolate Wadi Araba, all features of biblical significance. The Jordan Rift Valley extends from Lebanon south for 300 miles to the Gulf of Aqaba. The East African Rift System, including the Jordan Rift Valley, is still widening today. The crust between the faults subsided, sometimes thousands of feet, to create a long, linear sequence of narrow rift valleys. This rift system began forming 35 million years ago with a westward separation of the African tectonic plate from the Asian plate and fractured the crust into long, parallel faults. The Jordan Rift Valley dominates the Holy Land’s topography. to the first century A.D.Īrchaeologists divide biblical history into three general periods based on the dominant material used in tools and weapons: Stone Age, Bronze Age and Iron Age. Combining archaeology with scriptural interpretation provides a clearer understanding of life as it was and the events that occurred during the biblical period, which extends from 3300 B.C. Minerals and Metals of the Bible: Timelineīiblical archaeologists study ancient cultural sites and artifacts to gain insight into the Bible’s Old and New Testaments. Minerals and metals in the Bible are referenced more than 1,700 times, using such familiar terms and phrases as "fire and brimstone," "pieces of silver," "copper from the rock," "salt of the earth," and "jars of clay." It is interesting to consider these minerals and metals not in their scriptural contexts, but from the perspectives of history, geology and Biblical archaeology. Brimstone, or sulfur, occurs as condensate deposits at remnant volcanic fumaroles in the Jordan Rift Valley.
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